Bhagalpur is located in the southern region of Bihar. It is one of the oldest districts of Bihar.and is situated in the Ganga basin at 141 ft above the sea level. The city is spread on an area of 2569.50 sq. km. It Lies between 25° 07' - 25° 30' N Latitude and between 86° 37' - 87° 30'E longitude. The district is surrounded by Munger, Khagaria, Madhepura, Purnea, Kathiarand Banka districts of Bihar and Godda and Sahebganj districts of Jharkhand.
Sultanganj (located 25 km away) is a celebration of natural splendor that thrills our visual sense. A hilltop by the bank of the river, capped by a mosque and another rocky elevation in the midst of water riddled with temples of Shiva, referred to as Ajagaibinatha.
The legend of Ajagaibinatha is associated with Baba Harinath a regular visitor and fervent devotee of Shiva. On his way to Deogarh, he once emptied his pot of water to quench the thirst of a dying man. He was left with no water for Shiva at Deoghar. Consequently, he was returning to Sultanganj when he heard a voice telling him that Shiva was pleased by his devotion and he could now worship him at Sultanganj as well.
The panorama can best be summed up in words of Abdul Latif, the Mughal Diwan of Bengal who passed by Sultanganj in 1608. He records, "It has two hillocks, one in the midst of the river and other on the bank, facing each other, so that there are few places on earth equalling it in airiness. How can I describe the moonlit nights, which exhilarate the spirit and freshen the life of man."If it is monsoon, it is time for the Shravanimela when Sultanganj is flooded by thecontinous flow of pilgrims and the rain ensures the need of small boats to reach the temples located high on the hillock. The devotees of Siva gather here to collect the holy water (called Uttarbahini or where the Ganges run towards north, instead of usual south) to pour on the Shivlings at Vasukinatha and BaidyanathDham.Between the two hills there are smaller granite formations with a number of interesting Gupta periodcarvings that are exclusive to Bhagalpur. These artistic etchings on the rock depict a variety of Hindu divinities, includingBuddha and Mahavira.
Sultanganj shot to fame in 1861 when a railway engineer, during the construction of railway track between Calcutta and Varanasi, stumbled upon a stupa that yielded a mighty bronze statue of Buddha in Abhaya mudra. The seven feet high bronze dating back to fifth century is now in Birmingham city museum.
| Area | 2569 Sq.K.M |
| Height from sea level | 43 meter (141 ft.) |
| Normal Rainfall | 1166.2 m.m (141 ft.) |
| Lowest Temperature | 8°C |
| Highest Temperature | 44.5°C |
| Population as per 2011 census | 3,037,766 |
| Rural Population | 2,435,234 (80.17%) |
| Urban Population | 602,532 (19.83%) |
| Density of Population (per sq. KM) | 1182 |
| Literacy Rate | 63.14% |
| No. Of S.C | 318,569 |
| No. Of S.T | 67,180 |
| No. Of Subdivision | 3 |
| No. Of Police Station | 48 |
| No. Of Panchayat | 242 |
| No. OF Village | 1536 |
| No. Of Nagar Nigam | 1 |
| No. Of Nagar Panchayat | 3 |
| No. Of Schools | 1817 |
| No. Of University | 2 |
| No. Of Engineering College | 1 |
| No. Of Agriculture College | 1 |
| No. Of Medical College | 1 |
| No. Of Polytechnic College | 1 |
| Thermal Power | NTPC Kahalgaon 2340 MW Capacity |
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